Network Quality of Service

Overview

Network QoS (Quality of Service) policies enforce traffic controls at the virtual switch level on each hypervisor. Policies apply bandwidth limits, burst allowances, DSCP markings, and minimum bandwidth guarantees to individual ports or entire networks. Controls are enforced by the L2 agent — no guest OS configuration is required. Administrators create and optionally share policies; project users apply them to their ports and networks.

Administrator Access Required — This operation requires the admin role. Contact your Xloud administrator if you do not have sufficient permissions.

Prerequisites

Admin credentials sourced from admin-openrc.sh
QoS service plugin enabled in your cluster (configured via XDeploy under Networking → Plugins)
Open vSwitch or Linux Bridge L2 agent running on all compute nodes

QoS Rule Types

Xloud Networking supports four QoS rule types. Multiple rules of different types can be combined within a single policy.

Rule Type	CLI `--type`	Direction	Hardware Required	Description
Bandwidth Limit	`bandwidth-limit`	Egress / Ingress	No	Cap maximum throughput with optional burst allowance
DSCP Marking	`dscp-marking`	Egress only	No	Mark outgoing packets with a DSCP value for QoS-aware routing
Minimum Bandwidth	`minimum-bandwidth`	Egress / Ingress	Yes (SR-IOV)	Guarantee a minimum throughput floor
Minimum Packet Rate	`minimum-packet-rate`	Egress / Ingress	Yes (SR-IOV)	Guarantee a minimum packet-per-second rate

Minimum bandwidth and minimum packet rate guarantees require SR-IOV hardware and a compatible network backend. Standard OVS-based ports support bandwidth limits and DSCP marking only.

Create a QoS Policy

Dashboard
CLI

Navigate to QoS Policies

Log in to the Xloud Dashboard (https://connect.<your-domain>) as an administrator and navigate to Admin → Network → QoS Policies. Click Create Policy.

Define the policy

Field	Value	Description
Name	e.g., `10mbps-limit`	Descriptive label for the policy
Shared	Enabled	Makes the policy available to all projects
Default	Optional	Applies this policy to all new ports by default

Add a bandwidth limit rule

Open the newly created policy and click Add Bandwidth Limit Rule:

Field	Value	Description
Max Kbps	`10240`	Maximum sustained throughput (10 Mbps)
Max Burst Kbps	`20480`	Allowed burst above the limit (20 Mbps)
Direction	Egress	Traffic direction to limit

Click Save to activate the rule.

Apply to a port or network

To apply to a specific port: navigate to Admin → Network → Ports, select the port, click Edit Port, and set the QoS Policy field.To apply to an entire network: navigate to Admin → Network → Networks, select the network, click Edit Network, and set the QoS Policy field.

Applying a QoS policy to a network sets a default for all new ports on that network. Existing ports are not retroactively updated.

Authenticate

Source your credentials file to authenticate with the Xloud platform:

Load credentials

source admin-openrc.sh

Download the OpenRC file from Xloud Dashboard → Project → API Access → Download OpenStack RC File.

Create the policy

Create shared QoS policy

openstack network qos policy create 10mbps-limit --share

Add a bandwidth limit rule

Add egress bandwidth limit (10 Mbps, 20 Mbps burst)

openstack network qos rule create 10mbps-limit \
  --type bandwidth-limit \
  --max-kbps 10240 \
  --max-burst-kbps 20480 \
  --egress

Add ingress bandwidth limit

openstack network qos rule create 10mbps-limit \
  --type bandwidth-limit \
  --max-kbps 10240 \
  --max-burst-kbps 20480 \
  --ingress

Apply to a port

Apply QoS policy to a specific port

openstack port set <port-id> --qos-policy 10mbps-limit

Apply to a network

Apply QoS policy to an entire network

openstack network set app-network --qos-policy 10mbps-limit

All new ports on app-network will inherit the 10 Mbps limit automatically.

DSCP Marking

DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) marking tags outgoing packets so that upstream routers and switches can prioritize traffic flows. This is essential for real-time workloads such as VoIP, video conferencing, and database replication traffic.

Dashboard
CLI

Open a QoS policy

Navigate to Admin → Network → QoS Policies and open an existing policy or create a new one.

Add DSCP marking rule

Click Add DSCP Marking Rule and set the DSCP value:

Traffic Class	DSCP Value	Use Case
Best Effort (BE)	`0`	Default traffic
Assured Forwarding 11	`10`	Standard business traffic
Assured Forwarding 21	`18`	Priority business traffic
Expedited Forwarding	`46`	VoIP, real-time traffic
Class Selector 3	`24`	Database / transactional

Click Save. The rule applies immediately to new packet flows on assigned ports.

Create QoS policy with DSCP marking for real-time traffic

openstack network qos policy create realtime-voip --share

Add DSCP EF marking (value 46 — Expedited Forwarding)

openstack network qos rule create realtime-voip \
  --type dscp-marking \
  --dscp-mark 46

Apply to a VoIP application port

openstack port set <voip-port-id> --qos-policy realtime-voip

Combine DSCP marking with a bandwidth limit rule in the same policy to both classify and constrain VoIP traffic simultaneously.

Guaranteed Minimum Bandwidth

Minimum bandwidth rules provide a throughput floor — a guarantee that the port will always receive at least the specified bandwidth even under network congestion. This requires SR-IOV hardware and a compatible network backend.

Minimum bandwidth guarantees are only supported on SR-IOV virtual functions (VFs) with a compatible hardware NIC. Standard OVS ports do not enforce minimum bandwidth floors — only maximum limits.

CLI
Minimum Packet Rate

Create minimum bandwidth policy for guaranteed throughput

openstack network qos policy create guaranteed-1gbps --share

Add 1 Gbps minimum bandwidth guarantee (egress)

openstack network qos rule create guaranteed-1gbps \
  --type minimum-bandwidth \
  --min-kbps 1048576 \
  --egress

Apply to an SR-IOV port

openstack port set <sriov-port-id> --qos-policy guaranteed-1gbps

Minimum packet rate rules guarantee a floor in packets per second (pps) — important for workloads that generate many small packets (e.g., DNS, financial trading systems).

Create minimum packet rate policy

openstack network qos policy create min-pps-policy --share

Guarantee 500,000 packets per second minimum

openstack network qos rule create min-pps-policy \
  --type minimum-packet-rate \
  --min-kpps 500 \
  --egress

Apply to trading application port

openstack port set <trading-port-id> --qos-policy min-pps-policy

Manage QoS Policies

List and Inspect
Update Rules
Remove and Delete

List all QoS policies

openstack network qos policy list

Show policy details

openstack network qos policy show 10mbps-limit

List rules in a policy

openstack network qos rule list 10mbps-limit

Update bandwidth limit rule

openstack network qos rule set 10mbps-limit <rule-id> \
  --max-kbps 20480 \
  --max-burst-kbps 40960

Update DSCP mark

openstack network qos rule set realtime-voip <rule-id> \
  --dscp-mark 24

Remove QoS policy from a port

openstack port unset <port-id> --qos-policy

Remove QoS policy from a network

openstack network set app-network --no-qos-policy

Delete a QoS rule from a policy

openstack network qos rule delete 10mbps-limit <rule-id>

Delete a QoS policy

openstack network qos policy delete 10mbps-limit

Deleting a QoS policy that is still assigned to ports or networks will fail. Remove all assignments before deleting the policy.

Per-Port vs. Per-Network QoS

Scope	Application	Use Case
Per-port	Direct assignment to a specific port	Granular control per instance NIC — ideal for mixed workload environments
Per-network	Applied to a network; inherited by new ports	Consistent SLA enforcement across all instances on a tenant network
Combined	Network policy + port override	Set a default at network level; override for specific ports that need exceptions

Apply QoS at the network level for consistent defaults, then override individual ports for exceptions (e.g., a database port that needs a higher limit than the general application tier).

Validation

Confirm QoS enforcement is active after applying a policy:

Dashboard
CLI

Navigate to Admin → Network → Ports and select the port. The QoS Policy field should display the assigned policy name. Navigate to the instance and run a bandwidth test from inside the guest to confirm enforcement.

Confirm QoS policy applied to port

openstack port show <port-id> -c qos_policy_id

Verify policy rules are active

openstack network qos rule list <policy-name-or-id>

Test bandwidth from inside the guest (requires iperf3)

# On a target host:
iperf3 -s
# On the guest port with the limit applied:
iperf3 -c <target-ip> -t 30

The measured throughput should not exceed the configured --max-kbps value during sustained transfer.

Best Practices

Tiered Policy Names

Create named tiers — bronze-10mbps, silver-100mbps, gold-1gbps — and share them across projects for consistent, predictable service levels.

Apply at Network Level

Apply QoS to networks for automatic inheritance. Override at the port level only for exceptions that need different treatment from the network default.

Burst Sizing

Set burst to 2× the sustained limit. Short traffic spikes are absorbed by the burst allowance without impacting the sustained throughput commitment.

Monitor with XIMP

Use Xloud XIMP to track port-level throughput in real time and confirm QoS policies are enforcing expected limits under production load.

Troubleshooting

QoS policy not visible in Dashboard

Cause: The QoS service plugin is not enabled in the Networking configuration.Resolution: In XDeploy, navigate to Networking → Plugins and enable the QoS plugin. Redeploy the networking service:

Redeploy networking service

xavs-ansible deploy -t neutron

Restart the L2 agent on all compute nodes after the plugin is enabled.

Bandwidth limit not enforced

Cause: The L2 agent on the compute node hosting the instance may not have the QoS extension loaded.Resolution: Verify the agent has the qos extension active:

Check L2 agent capabilities

openstack network agent show <agent-id> -c configurations

Look for qos in the extensions list. If absent, restart the L2 agent on the affected compute node.

Cannot delete QoS policy

Cause: The policy is still assigned to one or more ports or networks.Resolution: Find and clear all assignments:

Find ports using the policy

openstack port list --long -c ID -c "QoS Policy ID"

Remove assignments from each port, then retry the delete.

Minimum bandwidth rule creation fails

Cause: Minimum bandwidth rules require SR-IOV hardware and a compatible backend (OVS-DPDK or SR-IOV). Standard OVS does not support minimum bandwidth enforcement.Resolution: Use bandwidth limit rules for maximum throughput control on standard OVS ports. Deploy SR-IOV ports for guaranteed minimum bandwidth requirements.

Next Steps

Network Quotas

Limit the number of networking resources per project alongside QoS controls

Provider Networks

Configure the physical network that QoS policies apply to at the hypervisor level

Service Architecture

Understand how L2 agents enforce QoS rules at the virtual switch level

Admin Troubleshooting

Diagnose QoS enforcement issues and L2 agent configuration problems

Core Services

Other Services

Network Quality of Service

Overview

QoS Rule Types

Create a QoS Policy

Navigate to QoS Policies

Define the policy

Add a bandwidth limit rule

Apply to a port or network

Authenticate

Create the policy

Add a bandwidth limit rule

Apply to a port

Apply to a network

DSCP Marking

Open a QoS policy

Add DSCP marking rule

Guaranteed Minimum Bandwidth

Manage QoS Policies

Per-Port vs. Per-Network QoS

Validation

Best Practices

Tiered Policy Names

Apply at Network Level

Burst Sizing

Monitor with XIMP

Troubleshooting

Next Steps

Network Quotas

Provider Networks

Service Architecture

Admin Troubleshooting

Core Services

Other Services

​Overview

​QoS Rule Types

​Create a QoS Policy

Navigate to QoS Policies

Define the policy

Add a bandwidth limit rule

Apply to a port or network

Authenticate

Create the policy

Add a bandwidth limit rule

Apply to a port

Apply to a network

​DSCP Marking

Open a QoS policy

Add DSCP marking rule

​Guaranteed Minimum Bandwidth

​Manage QoS Policies

​Per-Port vs. Per-Network QoS

​Validation

​Best Practices

Tiered Policy Names

Apply at Network Level

Burst Sizing

Monitor with XIMP

​Troubleshooting

​Next Steps

Network Quotas

Provider Networks

Service Architecture

Admin Troubleshooting

Overview

QoS Rule Types

Create a QoS Policy

DSCP Marking

Guaranteed Minimum Bandwidth

Manage QoS Policies

Per-Port vs. Per-Network QoS

Validation

Best Practices

Troubleshooting

Next Steps